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I.
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Covered Officers/Purpose of the Code
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honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships;
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full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that a Fund files with, or submits to, the Securities and Exchange commission (“SEC”), and in other public communications made by a Fund;
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compliance with applicable laws and governmental rules and regulations;
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the prompt internal reporting of violations of the Code to an appropriate person or persons identified in the Code; and
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accountability for adherence to the Code.
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II.
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Administration of the Code
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III.
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Managing Conflicts of Interest
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not use personal influence or personal relationships improperly to influence investment decisions or financial reporting by a Fund whereby the Covered Officer or an immediate family member would benefit personally to the detriment of a Fund;
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not cause a Fund to take action, or fail to take action, for the individual personal benefit of the Covered Officer or an immediate family member rather than the benefit of the Fund;1
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not use material non-public knowledge of portfolio transactions made or contemplated for the Company to trade personally or cause others to trade personally in contemplation of the market effect of such transactions; and
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report at least annually his or her affiliations and other relationships on each Fund’s annual Managers and Officers Questionnaire.
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serve as director on the board of any public or private company;
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the receipt during any 12-month period of any gifts in excess of $100 in the aggregate from a third party that does or seeks to do business with the Funds; and
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For purposes of this Code, personal trading activity of the Covered Officers shall be monitored in accordance with the Funds Code of Ethics. Each Covered Officer shall be considered an “Access Person” under such Code. The term “immediate family” shall have the same meaning as provided in such Code.
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the receipt of any entertainment from any company with which a Fund has current or prospective business dealings, unless such entertainment is business-related, reasonable in cost, appropriate as to time and place, and not so frequent as to raise any question of impropriety.
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IV.
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Disclosure and Compliance
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be familiar with the disclosure requirements generally applicable to the Funds;
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not knowingly misrepresent, or cause others to misrepresent, facts about any Fund to others, whether within or outside the Fund, including to the Fund’s trustees or directors and auditors, and to governmental regulators and self-regulatory organizations;
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to the extent appropriate within his/her area of responsibility, consult with other officers and employees of the Funds and the adviser with the goal of promoting full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in the reports and documents the Funds file with, or submit to, the SEC and in other public communications made by the Funds; and
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promote compliance with the standards and restrictions imposed by applicable laws, rules and regulations.
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V.
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Reporting and Accountability
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upon adoption of the Code (or after becoming a Covered Officer), affirm in writing to the Board that he/she has received, read and understands the Code;
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annually affirm to the Board compliance with the requirements of the Code;
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not retaliate against any other Covered Officer or any employee of the Funds or their affiliated persons for reports of potential violations that are made in good faith;
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notify the Chief Compliance Officer promptly if he/she knows of any violation of this Code; and
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respond to questionnaires circulated periodically in connection with the preparation of disclosure documents for the Funds.
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The Chief Compliance Officer will take all appropriate action to investigate any potential violation reported to him/her;
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If, after such investigation, the Chief Compliance Officer determines that no violation has occurred, the Chief Compliance Officer will notify the person(s) reporting the potential violation, and the Chief Compliance Officer will report his/her conclusions to the Audit Committee;
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Any matter that the Chief Compliance Officer determines may be a violation will be reported to the Audit Committee;
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If the Audit Committee determines that a violation has occurred, it will inform and make a recommendation to the Board, which will consider appropriate action, which may include review of, and appropriate modifications to, applicable policies and procedures; notification to the president of the Funds; or a recommendation to sanction or dismiss the Covered Officer;
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The Audit Committee will be responsible for granting waivers in its sole discretion;
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Any changes to or waivers of this Code will, to the extent required, be disclosed as provided by SEC rules.
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report to the Audit Committee quarterly any approvals provided in accordance with Section III of this Code; and
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report to the Audit Committee quarterly any violations of, or material issues arising under, this Code.
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VI.
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Other Policies and Procedures
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VII.
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Amendments
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VIII.
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Confidentiality
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IX.
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Internal Use
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