REVENUE RECOGNITION |
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| REVENUE RECOGNITION | REVENUE RECOGNITION We derive our revenue primarily from providing customers the right to access our cloud-based solutions, the right to use our software for an indefinite or specified period of time, and related services and support based on when access or control of the software passes to our customers or the services are provided, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for such goods or services. Revenue is reported net of applicable sales and use tax, value-added tax and other transaction taxes imposed on the related transactions, including mandatory government charges that are passed through to our customers. We determine revenue recognition through the following five steps: •Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer •Identification of the performance obligations in the contract •Determination of the transaction price •Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract •Recognition of revenue when, or as, performance obligations are satisfied. We account for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability of consideration is probable. Disaggregation of Revenue The following table provides a disaggregation of our recurring and nonrecurring revenue. Recurring revenue is the portion of our revenue that we believe is likely to be renewed in the future. The recurrence of these revenue streams in future periods depends on a number of factors including contractual periods and customers' renewal decisions. •Recurring revenue primarily consists of: ◦Cloud revenue, which consists primarily of software as a service (“SaaS”) revenue and optional managed services revenue. ▪SaaS revenue consists predominately of bundled SaaS (software access rights with standard managed services) and unbundled SaaS (software licensing rights accounted for as term-based licenses whereby customers have a license to our software with related support for a specific period). ▪Bundled SaaS revenue is recognized over time. ▪Unbundled SaaS revenue is recognized at a point in time, except for the related support which is recognized over time. Unbundled SaaS contracts are eligible for renewal after the initial fixed term, which in most cases is between a - and three-year time frame. Unbundled SaaS can be deployed in the cloud, either by us or a cloud partner. ◦Support revenue, which consists of initial and renewal support. •Nonrecurring revenue primarily consists of our perpetual licenses, hardware, installation services, business advisory consulting and training services, and patent license royalties.
Contract Balances The following table provides information about accounts receivable, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:
We receive payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules, and accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Contract assets are rights to consideration in exchange for goods or services that we have transferred to a customer when that right is conditional on something other than the passage of time. The majority of our contract assets represent unbilled amounts related to multi-year unbundled SaaS contracts and arrangements where our right to consideration is subject to the contractually agreed upon billing schedule. We expect billing and collection of a majority of our contract assets to occur within the next twelve months and asset impairment charges related to contract assets were immaterial in the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022. As of April 30, 2023, two partners, both authorized global resellers of our solutions, accounted for more than 10% of our aggregated accounts receivable and contract assets; Partner A was approximately 22% and Partner B was approximately 15%. As of January 31, 2023, Partner A and Partner B each accounted for approximately 15% of our aggregated accounts receivable and contract assets. Credit losses relating to these customers have historically been immaterial. Contract liabilities represent consideration received or consideration which is unconditionally due from customers prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of the contract. Revenue recognized during the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022 from amounts included in contract liabilities at the beginning of each period was $101.5 million and $96.9 million, respectively. Remaining Performance Obligations Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations (“RPO”) represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes contract liabilities and non-cancelable amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. The majority of our arrangements are for periods of up to three years, with a significant portion being one year or less. We elected to exclude amounts of variable consideration attributable to sales- or usage-based royalties in exchange for a license of our IP from the remaining performance obligations. The timing and amount of revenue recognition for our remaining performance obligations is influenced by several factors, including seasonality, the timing of renewals, the timing of delivery of software licenses, the average length of the contract terms, and foreign currency exchange rates. The following table provides information about when we expect to recognize our remaining performance obligations:
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