Taxation |
12 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Text block [abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxation | Note 9: Taxation The components of tax expense for 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
Taxes on items recognized in “Other comprehensive (loss) income” or directly in equity in 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
Items affecting tax expense for 2021 and 2020 The year ended December 31, 2021 included $1,497 million of tax expense related to the Company’s earnings in equity method investments, virtually all of which relates to the Company’s investment in LSEG, including the gain on sale. In the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded $138 million of tax benefits to recognize deferred tax assets that arose in prior years in various subsidiaries outside the U.S. The deferred tax assets recognized were almost entirely related to tax losses and other tax attributes in subsidiaries that have experienced improved profitability during 2020 and that projected future taxable profits sufficient to utilize these deferred tax assets. These tax losses and other tax attributes can be carried forward indefinitely. Below is a reconciliation of income taxes calculated at the Canadian corporate tax rate of 26.5% to the tax expense for 2021 and 2020 :
(1) In 2020, a non-U.S. subsidiary reversed impairment charges related to intercompany investments. These impairments had been previously recorded for statutory purposes and created tax losses that the Company did not recognize as deferred tax assets. The reversal of the impairment allowed the Company to recognize the deferred tax asset, because the corresponding tax losses were used to offset the gain from the impairment reversal.The Company’s 2021 effective income tax rate on earnings from continuing operations was 22.0% (2020 – 5.8%). The effective income tax rate in both years was lower than the Canadian corporate income tax rate due significantly to the lower tax rates and differing tax rules applicable to certain of the Company’s operating and financing subsidiaries outside Canada. The Company’s effective tax rate depends on the laws of numerous countries and the provisions of multiple income tax conventions between various countries in which the Company operates. A 1% increase in the effective income tax rate would have increased 2021 income tax expense and decreased earnings from continuing operations by approximately $73 million. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||