2.4.0.8126 - Disclosure - VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIEStruefalsefalse1false falsefalsefrom-2013-01-01-to-2013-06-30.431.0.0.0.0.0.0.0http://www.sec.gov/CIK0001485933duration2013-01-01T00:00:002013-06-30T00:00:001true 1tbow_VariableInterestEntitiesAbstracttbow_falsenadurationfalsefalsefalsefalsefalsefalsefalsefalse1falsefalsefalse00falsefalsefalsexbrli:stringItemTypestringfalse0VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES [Abstract]2false 2tbow_DisclosureOfVariableInterestEntitiesTextBlocktbow_falsenadurationfalsefalsefalsefalsefalsefalsefalsefalseterseLabel1falsefalsefalse00<div> <div> 26. - VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES   To satisfy PRC laws and regulations, the Company conducts certain business in the PRC through two variable interest entities.   In December 2007, a series of agreements were entered into amongst Trunkbow Shandong, Trunkbow Technologies and its controlling shareholders, providing Trunkbow Shandong the ability to control Trunkbow Technologies, including its financial interest.   Resulting from the contractual arrangements between Trunkbow Shandong, Trunkbow Technologies and its controlling shareholders, the Company includes the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of Trunkbow Technologies in its consolidated financial statements. The contractual arrangements with Trunkbow Technologies are summarized below:   Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreements. Pursuant to Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreements entered into amongst Trunkbow Shandong, Trunkbow Technologies and its controlling shareholders in December 2007, Trunkbow Shandong has the exclusive right to provide to our PRC operating subsidiaries complete technical support, business support and related consulting services, which include, among other things, technical services, business consultations, equipment or property leasing, marketing consultancy and product research. Each of our PRC operating subsidiaries has agreed to pay an annual service fee to Trunkbow Shandong equal to 100% of its audited total amount of operational income each year. Each of our PRC operating subsidiary has also agreed to pay a monthly service fee to Trunkbow Shandong equal to 100% of the net income generated on a monthly basis. The payment and terms of payment are fixed to ensure that Trunkbow Shandong obtains 100% of the net income for that month, although adjustments may be made upon approval by Trunkbow Shandong to provide for operational needs. If at year end, after an audit of the financial statements of any of our PRC operating subsidiaries, there is determined to be any shortfall in the payment of 100% of the annual net income, such PRC operating subsidiary must pay such shortfall to Trunkbow Shandong. Each agreement has a ten-year term, subject to renewal and early termination in accordance with the terms therein.   Exclusive Option Agreements. Under Exclusive Option Agreements entered into amongst Trunkbow Shandong, Trunkbow Technologies and its controlling shareholders in December 2007, each of the PRC Shareholders irrevocably granted to Trunkbow Shandong or its designated person an exclusive option to purchase, to the extent permitted by PRC law, a portion or all of their respective equity interest in any PRC Operating Subsidiary for a purchase price of RMB10 or a purchase price to be adjusted to be in compliance with applicable PRC laws and regulations. Trunkbow Shandong or its designated person has the sole discretion to decide when to exercise the option, whether in part or in full. Each of these agreements has a ten-year term, subject to renewal at the election of Trunkbow Shandong.    Share Pledge Agreements. Under the Share Pledge Agreements entered into by and among Trunkbow Shandong, our PRC operating subsidiaries and each of Mr. Wanchun Hou, Mr. Qiang Li and Mr. Liangyao Xie, (the "PRC Shareholders") in December 2007, the PRC Shareholders pledged, all of their equity interests in PRC Operating Subsidiaries to guarantee our PRC operating subsidiaries' performance of its obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement. If the PRC operating subsidiaries or any of the PRC Shareholders breaches its/his/her respective contractual obligations under this agreement, or upon the occurrence of one of the events regarded as an event of default under each such agreement, Trunkbow Shandong, as pledgee, will be entitled to certain rights, including the right to dispose of the pledged equity interests. The PRC Shareholders agreed not to dispose of the pledged equity interests or take any actions that would prejudice Trunkbow Shandong's interest, and to notify Trunkbow Shandong of any events or upon receipt of any notices which may affect Trunkbow Shandong's interest in the pledge. Each of the equity pledge agreements will be valid until all the payments due under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement have been fulfilled.   Powers of Attorney. The PRC Shareholders each executed a power of attorney in December 2007, to appoint Trunkbow Shandong as their exclusive attorneys-in-fact to vote on their behalf on all matters with respect to our PRC operating subsidiaries that require shareholder approval. The term of each power of attorney is valid so long as such shareholder is a shareholder of the respective PRC operating subsidiary.   We entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Beijing Delixunda Technology Co., Ltd. ("Delixunda") and its shareholders on March 10, 2011. Delixunda is a telecom value-added service licensed company and was established as a limited liability company on December 1, 2009 in Beijing, the PRC. Delixunda has no operations prior to February 10, 2011. As a result of the contractual arrangements with Delixunda, we indirectly own the telecom value-added service license, which would enable us to offer telecom wireless value-added service to individual clients. In addition, the pledges supporting these contractual arrangements have not been registered as required by PRC law, which could also result in the invalidation of these arrangements under PRC law. As a result of these contractual arrangements, we are considered to be the primary beneficiary of Trunkbow Technologies and Delixunda; we consolidate the results of operations, assets and liabilities of Trunkbow Technologies and Delixunda in our financial statements. Although we have been advised by our PRC legal counsel that each contract under these contractual arrangements is valid and binding under current PRC laws and regulations, our contractual arrangements with Trunkbow Technologies and Delixunda may not be as effective in providing us with control over the Trunkbow Technologies and Delixunda as direct ownership. We rely on these contractual rights to effect control and management of the VIEs, which exposes it to the risk of potential breach of contract by the shareholders of Trunkbow Technologies and Delixunda for a number of reasons. For example, their interests as shareholders of Trunkbow Technologies and Delixunda and our interests may conflict and we may fail to resolve such conflicts; the shareholders may believe that breaching the contracts will lead to greater economic benefit for them; or the shareholders may otherwise act in bad faith. If any of the foregoing were to happen, we may have to rely on legal or arbitral proceedings to enforce our contractual rights, including specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages. Such arbitral and legal proceedings may cost substantial financial and other resources, and result in disruption of our business, and we cannot assure that the outcome will be in our favor. Apart from the above risks, there are no significant judgments or assumptions regarding enforceability of the contractual agreements with Trunkbow Technologies or Delixunda.   In addition, as all of these contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through either arbitration or litigation in the PRC, they would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal environment in the PRC is not as developed as in other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could further limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. Furthermore, these contracts may not be enforceable in the PRC if PRC government authorities or courts take a view that such contracts contravene PRC laws and regulations or are otherwise not enforceable for public policy reasons. At present, the equity interest pledge agreement has not been registered with the relevant PRC authorities, which will affect our ability to enforce its provisions prior to such registration. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over our VIEs, and our ability to conduct our business may be materially and adversely affected. If the applicable PRC authorities invalidate our contractual arrangements for violation of PRC laws, rules and regulations, in such an event, we would lose control of the VIE resulting in its deconsolidation in financial reporting and loss in our market valuation.   In addition, if any of our VIEs or all or part of its assets become subject to court injunctions or asset freezes or liens or rights of third-party creditors, we may be unable to continue some of our businesses, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. If any of our VIEs undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, its shareholders or unrelated third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of its assets. The occurrence of any of these events may hinder our ability to operate business, which could in turn materially harm our business and ability to generate revenues and cause the market price of our ordinary shares to decline significantly.   Most of our operations are conducted through our affiliated companies, including our VIEs which we control through contractual agreements in the form of variable interest entities. Current regulations in the PRC permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only out of its accumulated distributable profits, if any, determined in accordance with their articles of association and PRC accounting standards and regulations. The ability of these PRC affiliates to make dividends and other payments to us may be restricted by factors that include changes in applicable foreign exchange and other laws and regulations.   Under PRC law, our subsidiary may only pay dividends after 10% of its after-tax profits have been set aside as reserve funds, unless such reserves have reached at least 50% of its registered capital. Such cash reserve may not be distributed as cash dividends.   The PRC Income Tax Law also imposes a 10% withholding income tax on dividends generated on or after January 1, 2008 and distributed by a resident enterprise to its foreign investors, if such foreign investors are considered as non-resident enterprise without any establishment or place within China or if the received dividends have no connection with such foreign investors' establishment or place within China, unless such foreign investors' jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.   Summary information regarding consolidated VIEs is as follows:   <table style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; WIDTH: 100%; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom"> <td nowrap="nowrap"> </td> <td style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold" nowrap="nowrap"> </td> <td style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-ALIGN: center" colspan="2" nowrap="nowrap">June 30,</td> <td style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold" nowrap="nowrap"> </td> <td style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold" nowrap="nowrap"> </td> <td style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-ALIGN: center" colspan="2" nowrap="nowrap">December 31,</td> <td style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold" nowrap="nowrap"> </td> </tr> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom"> <td nowrap="nowrap"> </td> <td style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt" nowrap="nowrap">  </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-ALIGN: center" colspan="2" nowrap="nowrap">2013</td> <td style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt" nowrap="nowrap">  </td> <td style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt" nowrap="nowrap">  </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-ALIGN: center" colspan="2" nowrap="nowrap">2012</td> <td style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt" nowrap="nowrap">  </td> </tr> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom"> <td nowrap="nowrap"> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" colspan="2" nowrap="nowrap"> (Unaudited)</td> <td nowrap="nowrap"> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" colspan="2" nowrap="nowrap">  </td> <td nowrap="nowrap"> </td> </tr> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(204,255,204)"> <td>Assets:</td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> </tr> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; BACKGROUND-COLOR: white"> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; WIDTH: 68%">Cash and cash equivalents</td> <td style="WIDTH: 2%"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; WIDTH: 1%">$</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 12%">122,080</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; WIDTH: 1%"> </td> <td style="WIDTH: 2%"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; WIDTH: 1%">$</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 12%">69,558</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; WIDTH: 1%"> </td> </tr> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(204,255,204)"> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left">Accounts receivable</td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">2,787,702</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">2,606,362</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> </tr> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; BACKGROUND-COLOR: white"> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left">Other current assets, net</td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">65,761</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">60,357</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> </tr> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(204,255,204)"> <td>Inventories</td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">192,394</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">362,478</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> </tr> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; BACKGROUND-COLOR: white"> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left">Due from directors</td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">2,303</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">2,257</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> </tr> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(204,255,204)"> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left">Property and equipment, net</td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">158,057</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">159,701</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> </tr> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; BACKGROUND-COLOR: white"> <td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt">Long-term prepayment</td> <td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt"> </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left">  </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"> 849</td> <td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt"> </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left">  </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"> 1,664</td> <td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> </tr> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(204,255,204)"> <td style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"> Total Assets</td> <td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt"> </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left">$</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"> 3,329,146</td> <td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt"> </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left">$</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"> 3,262,377</td> <td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> </tr> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; BACKGROUND-COLOR: white"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> </tr> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(204,255,204)"> <td>Liabilities:</td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> </tr> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; BACKGROUND-COLOR: white"> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left">Accounts payable</td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left">$</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">897,034</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left">$</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">541,630</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> </tr> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(204,255,204)"> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">1,358,433</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">1,473,539</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> </tr> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; BACKGROUND-COLOR: white"> <td>Short-term loan</td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">150,016</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">146,883</td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> </tr> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(204,255,204)"> <td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left">Taxes payable</td> <td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt"> </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left">  </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"> 1,773,545</td> <td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt"> </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left">  </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"> 1,699,564</td> <td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> </tr> <tr style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; BACKGROUND-COLOR: white"> <td style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"> Total Liabilities</td> <td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt"> </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left">$</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"> 4,179,028</td> <td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> <td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt"> </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left">$</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"> 3,861,616</td> <td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"> </td> </tr> </table>   The assets of the VIEs can be used only to settle the obligations of the VIEs. Conversely, liabilities recognized as of consolidating VIEs do not represent additional claims on the Company's assets.   For the three months ended June 30, 2013, the financial performance of VIEs reported in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income includes revenues of $397,725, cost of revenues of $160,022, operating expenses of $319,465 and net loss of $81,953. For the six months ended June 30, 2013, the financial performance of VIEs reported in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income includes revenue of $1,066,995, cost of revenues of $729,243, operating expenses of $573,440 and net income of $235,839.   For the three months ended June 30, 2012, the financial performance of VIEs reported in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income includes revenues of $164,778, cost of revenues of $141,224, operating expenses of $41,161 and net loss of $18,989. For the six months ended June 30, 2012, the financial performance of VIEs reported in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income includes $382,287, cost of revenues of $285,731, operating expenses of $92,403 and net income of $2,861.   </div> </div>falsefalsefalsenonnum:textBlockItemTypenaThe entire disclosure for variable interest entities.No definition available.false0VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIESfalseVARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIESUnKnownUnKnownUnKnownUnKnowntruefalsefalseSheethttp://www.trunkbow.com/role/VariableInterestEntities12