13. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company leases office, laboratory and manufacturing space in Bedford, Massachusetts and certain office equipment under non-cancelable operating leases that expire in June 2017 and June 2018.

Future minimum lease payments for its operating leases as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:

 

Years Ending December 31,
2016		$	820
2017			676
2018			262
Total		$	1,758

During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company recognized $778, $649 and $448, respectively, of rental expense, related to its office, laboratory and manufacturing space and office equipment.

Intellectual Property Licenses

The Company has a license agreement with Incept, LLC (“Incept”) (Note 16) to use and develop certain patent rights (the “Incept License”). Under the Incept License, as amended and restated, the Company was granted a worldwide, perpetual, exclusive license to develop and commercialize products that are delivered to or around the human eye for diagnostic, therapeutic or prophylactic purposes relating to ophthalmic diseases or conditions. The Company is obligated to pay low single-digit royalties on net sales of commercial products developed using the licensed technology, commencing with the date of the first commercial sale of such products and until the expiration of the last to expire of the patents covered by the license. Any of the Company’s sublicensees also will be obligated to pay Incept a royalty equal to a low single-digit percentage of net sales made by it and will be bound by the terms of the agreement to the same extent as the Company. The Company is obligated to reimburse Incept for its share of the reasonable fees and costs incurred by Incept in connection with the prosecution of the patent applications licensed to the Company under the Incept License. Through December 31, 2015, royalties payable under this agreement related to product sales were not material.

On February 12, 2014, the Company issued to Incept 189,393 shares of its common stock in connection with the expansion of the scope of the license to include back of the eye technology held by Incept (Note 16).

Indemnification Agreements

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to vendors, lessors, business partners, and other parties with respect to certain matters including, but not limited to, losses arising out of breach of such agreements or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with members of its board of directors that will require the Company, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is, in many cases, unlimited. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnifications. The Company does not believe that the outcome of any claims under indemnification arrangements will have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows, and it has not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in its financial statements as of December 31, 2015.

 

Purchase Commitments

Purchase commitments represent non-cancelable contractual commitments associated with certain clinical trial activities within our clinical research organization.

Manufacturing Commitments

Manufacturing contracts generally provide for termination on notice, and therefore are cancelable contracts but are contracts that we are likely to continue, regardless of the fact that they are cancelable.