2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Marketable equity securities - Lineage accounts for the shares it holds in OncoCyte and HBL as marketable equity securities in accordance with ASC 320-10-25, Investments – Debt and Equity Securities, as amended by Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-01, Financial Instruments–Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, further discussed below.

OncoCyte shares have readily determinable fair values quoted on the NYSE American under trading symbol “OCX”. The HBL shares have a readily determinable fair value quoted on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (“TASE”) under the trading symbol “HDST” where share prices are denominated in New Israeli Shekels (NIS).

Revenue recognition - Lineage recognizes revenue in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASU 2014-09, Revenues from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), and in a manner that depicts the transfer of control of a product or a service to a customer and reflects the amount of the consideration it is entitled to receive in exchange for such product or service. In doing so, Lineage follows a five-step approach: (i) identify the contract with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the customer obtains control of the product or service. Lineage considers the terms of a contract and all relevant facts and circumstances when applying the revenue recognition standard. Lineage applies the revenue recognition standard, including the use of any practical expedients, consistently to contracts with similar characteristics and in similar circumstances.

In applying the provisions of ASU 2014-09, Lineage has determined that government grants are out of the scope of ASU 2014-09 because the government entities do not meet the definition of a “customer,” as defined by ASU 2014-09, as there is not considered to be a transfer of control of goods or services to the government entities funding the grant. In the absence of applicable guidance under U.S. GAAP, the Company’s policy is to recognize grant revenue when the related costs are incurred and the right to payment is realized. Costs incurred are recorded in research and development and general and administrative expenses on the accompanying statements of operations. Deferred grant revenues represent grant funds received from the governmental funding agencies for which the allowable expenses have not yet been incurred as of the balance sheet date reported.

Royalties from product sales and license fees - For agreements that include sales-based royalties, including commercial milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, Lineage recognizes revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied). Lineage estimates and recognizes royalty revenues based on all available information, including estimates provided by the customer or licensee from which Lineage obtains such estimates directly for each reporting period. Actual revenues ultimately received may differ from those estimates recorded and are adjusted in the period when information to actuals is available to Lineage.

Collaborative agreements - On April 16, 2021, Lineage entered a worldwide license and collaboration agreement with ITI for the development and commercialization of the VAC platform. Under the terms of this agreement, Lineage is entitled to upfront licensing fees totaling $2.0 million paid over the first year, and up to $67.0 million in development and commercial milestones across multiple indications. Lineage will also be eligible to receive royalties up to 10% on net sales of future products. On December 17, 2021, we entered into an exclusive worldwide collaboration and license agreement with Roche, for the development and commercialization of OpRegen. Roche paid a $50.0 million upfront payment and we are eligible to receive up to $620.0 million in additional development, approval, and sales milestone payments, in addition to tiered double-digit royalties.

We review collaborative agreements to determine if the accounting treatment falls under Accounting Standards Codification, Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), or Accounting Standards Codification Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements (“ASC 808”). While these agreements may be within the scope of ASC 808, we may analogize to ASC 606 for some aspects of the agreements.

The terms of our collaborative agreements typically include one or more of the following: (i) upfront fees; (ii) milestone payments related to achievement of development or commercial goals; (iii) royalties on net sales of licensed products; and (iv) reimbursement of cost-sharing of research and development (“R&D”) expenses. Each of these payments eventually result in collaboration revenues. When a portion of non-refundable upfront fees or other payments received are allocated to continuing performance obligations under the terms of a collaborative arrangement, they are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as collaboration revenue when (or as) the underlying performance obligation is satisfied.

To identify the performance obligations within the collaboration agreements, we first identify all the promises in the contract (i.e. explicit and implicit), which may include a customer option to acquire additional goods or services for free or at a discount. We exclude any immaterial promises from the assessment of identifying performance obligations. When an option is identified as providing a customer with a material right, the option is identified as a performance obligation. A portion of the transaction price is then allocated to the option and recognized when (or as) the future goods or services related to the option are provided, or when the option expires.

As part of the accounting treatment for these agreements, we must develop estimates and assumptions that require judgement to determine the underlying stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation which determines how the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations. The following items are estimated in the calculation of the stand-alone selling price: forecasted revenues and development costs, development timelines, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success. We evaluate each performance obligation to determine if they can be satisfied at a point in time or over time, and we measure the services delivered to our collaboration partners each reporting period, which is based on the progress of the related program. If necessary, we adjust the measure of performance and related revenue recognition. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis which would affect revenue and net income (loss) in the period of adjustment. In addition, variable consideration (e.g., milestone payments) must be evaluated to determine if it is constrained and, therefore, excluded from the transaction price.

Upfront fees - If a license to our intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, we recognize collaboration revenues from the transaction price allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the licensee, and the licensee is able to use and benefit from the license. When the license is determined to be non-distinct, we utilize judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time, and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing collaboration revenue from the allocated transaction price. For example, when we receive upfront fees for the performance of research and development services, or when research and development services are not considered to be distinct from a license, we recognize collaboration revenue for those units of account over time using a measure of progress. We evaluate the measure of progress at each reporting period and, if necessary, adjust the measure of performance and related revenue as a change in estimate.

Milestone payments - At the inception of each collaboration agreement that includes milestone payments (variable consideration), we evaluate whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached and estimate the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within our or the collaboration partner’s control, such as non-operational developmental and regulatory approvals, are generally not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. At the end of each reporting period, we re-evaluate the probability of achievement of milestones that are within our or the collaboration partner’s control, such as operational developmental milestones and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjust our estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect collaboration revenues and net income (loss) in the period of adjustment. Revisions to our estimate of the transaction price may also result in negative collaboration revenues and net income (loss) in the period of adjustment.

Royalties - For collaboration agreements that include sales-based royalties, including commercial milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, we recognize revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).

Reimbursement, cost-sharing payments - Under certain collaborative agreements, we will receive reimbursement for a portion of our R&D expenses. Such reimbursements are reviewed for gross versus net reporting considerations and reflected either as a reduction of R&D expense or as reimbursement revenue in our consolidated statements of operations.

As of December 31, 2021, we recorded $49.7 million and $0.8 million of deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheet, related to the Roche and ITI collaboration agreements. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we recognized $0.3 million and $0.8 million of revenue on the statement of operations, related to the Roche and ITI collaboration agreements, respectively.

Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common shareholders - Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income or loss attributable to Lineage common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, net of unvested restricted stock or restricted stock units, subject to repurchase by Lineage, if any, during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net income or loss attributable to Lineage common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, adjusted for the effects of potentially dilutive common shares issuable under outstanding stock options and warrants, using the treasury-stock method, convertible preferred stock, if any, using the if-converted method, and treasury stock held by subsidiaries, if any.

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, Lineage reported a net loss attributable to common shareholders, and therefore, all potentially dilutive common shares were considered antidilutive for those periods.

The following common share equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per common share for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive (in thousands):

Restricted cash - In accordance with ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, Lineage explains the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, and includes restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheet dates that comprise the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows for all periods presented herein (in thousands):

Accounts and grants receivable, net – Net accounts receivables amounted to $50,640,000 and $4,000 and grants receivable amounted to $200,000 and $61,000 as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Net trade receivables include an allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $74,000 and $44,000 as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, for those amounts deemed uncollectible by Lineage. Lineage establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on the evaluation of the collectability of its receivables on a variety of factors, including the length of time receivables are past due, significant events that may impair the customer’s ability to pay, such as a bankruptcy filing or deterioration in the customers operating results or financial position, and historical experience. If circumstances related to customers change, estimates of the recoverability of receivables would be further adjusted.

Leases - We account for leases in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases are classified as either financing or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the consolidated statements of operations. Under the available practical expedients for the adoption of ASC 842, we account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. We recognize right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities for leases with terms greater than twelve months in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating and finance lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. The operating and finance lease ROU assets also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease expense for finance lease payments is recognized as amortization of ROU assets and related interest. Operating and finance leases are included as ROU assets in property and equipment, and ROU lease liabilities, current and long-term, in the consolidated balance sheets.

Goodwill and IPR&D – Goodwill is calculated as the difference between the acquisition date fair value of the consideration transferred and the values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is tested for impairment in accordance with ASU 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. In-process research and development (“IPR&D”) assets are indefinite-lived intangible assets until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development (“R&D”) efforts. Once the R&D efforts are completed or abandoned, the IPR&D will either be amortized over the asset’s estimated life as a finite-lived intangible asset or be impaired, respectively, in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. In accordance with ASC 350, goodwill and acquired IPR&D are determined to have indefinite lives and, therefore, are not amortized. Instead, they are tested for impairment at least annually and between annual tests if we become aware of an event or a change in circumstances that would indicate the asset may be impaired.

Going concern assessment – Lineage assesses going concern uncertainty for its consolidated financial statements to determine if Lineage has sufficient cash and cash equivalents on hand and working capital to operate for a period of at least one year from the date the consolidated financial statements are issued or are available to be issued, which is referred to as the “look-forward period” as defined by FASB’s ASU No. 2014-15. As part of this assessment, based on conditions that are known and reasonably knowable to Lineage, Lineage will consider various scenarios, forecasts, projections, and estimates, and Lineage will make certain key assumptions, including the timing and nature of projected cash expenditures or programs, and its ability to delay or curtail those expenditures or programs, if necessary, among other factors. Based on this assessment, as necessary or applicable, Lineage makes certain assumptions concerning its ability to curtail or delay research and development programs and expenditures within the look-forward period in accordance with ASU No. 2014-15.

Cash and cash equivalents – Lineage considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, Lineage had $52.3 million and $28.8 million in money market funds, respectively, considered to be cash equivalents.

Concentrations of credit risk and significant sources of supply – Financial instruments that potentially subject Lineage to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. Lineage limits the amount of credit exposure of cash balances by maintaining its accounts in high credit quality financial institutions. Cash equivalent deposits with financial institutions may occasionally exceed the limits of insurance on bank deposits; however, Lineage has not experienced any losses on such accounts.

Lineage relies on single-source, third-party suppliers for a few key components of our product candidates. If these single-source, third-party suppliers are unable to continue providing a key component, the initiation or progress of any clinical studies of its product candidates may be impeded.

Property and equipment, net – Property and equipment is stated at cost and is being depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives ranging from 3 to 10 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful life or the lease term (see Note 6).

Long-lived intangible assets – Long-lived intangible assets, consisting primarily of acquired patents, patent applications, and licenses to use certain patents are stated at acquired cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally over 5 to 10 years.

Impairment of long-lived assets – Long-lived assets, including long-lived intangible assets, are reviewed annually for impairment and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. If an impairment indicator is present, Lineage evaluates recoverability by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If the assets are impaired, the impairment recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets.

Accounting for warrants – Lineage determines the accounting classification of warrants that it or its subsidiaries issue, as either liability or equity, by first assessing whether the warrants meet liability classification in accordance with ASC 480-10, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity, and then in accordance with ASC 815-40, Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock. Under ASC 480-10, warrants are considered liability classified if the warrants are mandatorily redeemable, obligate the issuer to settle the warrants or the underlying shares by paying cash or other assets, or warrants that must or may require settlement by issuing variable number of shares. If warrants do not meet liability classification under ASC 480-10, Lineage assesses the requirements under ASC 815-40, which states that contracts that require or may require the issuer to settle the contract for cash are liabilities recorded at fair value, irrespective of the likelihood of the transaction occurring that triggers the net cash settlement feature. If the warrants do not require liability classification under ASC 815-40, in order to conclude equity classification, Lineage assesses whether the warrants are indexed to its common stock or its subsidiary’s common stock, as applicable, and whether the warrants are classified as equity under ASC 815-40 or other applicable GAAP. After all relevant assessments are made, Lineage concludes whether the warrants are classified as liability or equity. Liability classified warrants are required to be accounted for at fair value both on the date of issuance and on subsequent accounting period ending dates, with all changes in fair value after the issuance date recorded in the consolidated statements of operations as a gain or loss. Equity classified warrants are accounted for at fair value on the issuance date with no changes in fair value recognized subsequent to the issuance date.

Transactions with noncontrolling interests of subsidiaries - Lineage accounts for a change in ownership interests in its subsidiaries that does not result in a change of control of the subsidiary by Lineage under the provisions of ASC 810-10-45-23, Consolidation – Other Presentation Matters, which prescribes the accounting for changes in ownership interest that do not result in a change in control of the subsidiary, as defined by GAAP, before and after the transaction. Under this guidance, changes in a controlling shareholder’s ownership interest that do not result in a change of control, as defined by GAAP, in the subsidiary are accounted for as equity transactions. Thus, if the controlling shareholder retains control, no gain or loss is recognized in the statements of operations of the controlling shareholder. Similarly, the controlling shareholder will not record any additional acquisition adjustments to reflect its subsequent purchases of additional shares in the subsidiary if there is no change of control. Only a proportional and immediate transfer of carrying value between the controlling and the noncontrolling shareholders occurs based on the respective ownership percentages.

Research and development expenses - Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for company-sponsored, collaborative and contracted research and development activities. These costs include direct and research-related overhead expenses including compensation and related benefits, stock-based compensation, consulting fees, research and laboratory fees, rent of research facilities, amortization of intangible assets, and license fees paid to third parties to acquire patents or licenses to use patents and other technology. Research and development costs which have an alternative future use will be capitalized as tangible assets, and costs with no future benefit or alternative use will be expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses incurred and reimbursed by grants from third parties approximate the grant income recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. Royalty expenses or sublicensing fees are recorded as research and development costs, unless these costs are associated with royalties from product sales, which we classify as cost of sales on our consolidated statements of operations.

General and administrative expenses - General and administrative expenses consist of compensation and related benefits, including stock-based compensation, for executive and corporate personnel; professional and consulting fees; and allocated overhead such as facilities and equipment rent and maintenance, insurance costs allocated to general and administrative expenses, costs of patent applications, prosecution and maintenance, stock exchange-related costs, depreciation expense, marketing costs, and other miscellaneous expenses which are allocated to general and administrative expense.

Foreign currency translation adjustments and other comprehensive income or loss - In countries in which Lineage operates where the functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar, assets and liabilities are translated using published exchange rates in effect at the consolidated balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses and cash flows are translated using an approximate weighted average exchange rate for the period. Resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income or loss and included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss on the consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency translation adjustments are primarily attributable to Cell Cure and ESI, Lineage’s consolidated foreign subsidiaries. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, comprehensive loss includes foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax, of $1.5 million and $3.0 million, respectively.

Foreign currency transaction gains and losses - For transactions denominated in other than the functional currency of Lineage or its subsidiaries, Lineage recognizes transaction gains and losses in the consolidated statements of operations and classifies the gain or loss based on the nature of the item that generated it. The majority of Lineage’s foreign currency transaction gains and losses are generated by Cell Cure’s intercompany debt due to Lineage, which are U.S. dollar-denominated, while Cell Cure’s functional currency is the Israeli New Shekel (“ILS”). At each balance sheet date, Lineage remeasures the intercompany debt using the current exchange rate at that date pursuant to ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters. These foreign currency remeasurement gains and losses are included in other income and expenses, net.

Income taxes - Lineage accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, which prescribe the use of the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax asset or liability account balances are calculated at the balance sheet date using current tax laws and rates in effect. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. ASC 740 guidance also prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not sustainable upon examination by taxing authorities. Lineage files a U.S. federal income tax return as well as various state and foreign income tax returns. Lineage’s judgments regarding future taxable income may change over time due to changes in market conditions, changes in tax laws, tax planning strategies or other factors. If Lineage assumptions, and consequently the estimates, change in the future with respect to Lineage’s own deferred tax assets and liabilities, the valuation allowance may be increased or decreased, which may have a material impact on Lineage’s consolidated financial statements. Lineage recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as income tax expense; however, no amounts were accrued for the payment of interest and penalties as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.

On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted major federal tax reform legislation, Public Law No. 115-97, commonly referred to as the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“2017 Tax Act”), which enacted a broad range of changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Beginning in 2018, the 2017 Tax Act subjects a U.S. stockholder to tax on Global Intangible Low Tax Income (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. In general, GILTI is the excess of a U.S. shareholder’s total net foreign income over a deemed return on tangible assets. The provision further allows a deduction of 50% of GILTI, however this deduction is limited to the Company’s pre-GILTI U.S. income. For the year ended December 31, 2020, our foreign subsidiaries operated at a loss, as a result there was no income inclusion. For the year ended December 31, 2021, Lineage’s foreign subsidiaries generated income arising from an intercompany transaction. As a result, there was in inclusion of $15.0 million included in federal income for 2021. The income was fully offset by our federal net operating loss carryforwards

Current interpretations under ASC 740 state that an entity can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or to provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred as a period expense. We have elected to account for GILTI as a current period expense when incurred.

On January 1, 2021, Lineage adopted ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The ASU enhances and simplifies various aspects of the income tax accounting guidance in ASC 740 and removes certain exceptions for recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing intraperiod allocation and calculating income taxes in interim periods. The ASU also adds guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, including recognizing deferred taxes for tax goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. The Company’s adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Stock-based compensation - Lineage follows accounting standards governing share-based payments in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, which require the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to directors and employees, including employee stock options, based on estimated fair values. Lineage utilizes the Black-Scholes option pricing model for valuing share-based payment awards. Lineage’s determination of fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using that option-pricing model is affected by Lineage’s stock price as well as by assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, and the expected term of options granted, which is derived using the simplified method, which is an average of the contractual term of the option and its vesting period, as we do not have sufficient historical exercise data. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant for zero coupon U.S. Treasury notes with maturities similar to the expected term of the awards. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

Although the fair value of employee stock options is determined in accordance with FASB guidance, changes in the assumptions can materially affect the estimated value and therefore the amount of compensation expense recognized in the consolidated financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which modifies certain disclosure requirements for reporting fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Lineage adopted this standard on January 1, 2020 and it did not have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The ASU enhances and simplifies various aspects of the income tax accounting guidance in ASC 740 and removes certain exceptions for recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing intraperiod allocation and calculating income taxes in interim periods. The ASU also adds guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, including recognizing deferred taxes for tax goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted. Lineage adopted this standard as of January 1, 2021 and it did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairments by eliminating the requirement to compare the implied fair value of goodwill with its carrying amount as part of step two of the goodwill impairment test referenced in ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. As a result, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. However, the impairment loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. ASU 2017-04 is effective for smaller reporting companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022, including any interim impairment tests within those annual periods, with early application permitted. On January 1, 2021, we elected to early adopt ASU 2017-04, and the adoption had no impact on our consolidated financial statements. We will perform goodwill impairment tests in accordance with ASU 2017-04.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted - The following accounting standards, which are not yet effective, are presently being evaluated by Lineage to determine the impact that they might have on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 is intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 is effective for Lineage beginning January 1, 2023. Lineage has not yet completed its assessment of the impact of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements.