Derivatives
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivatives
Derivatives

ASC 815 requires companies to recognize all derivative instruments in the consolidated balance sheet as either assets or liabilities at fair value. The accounting for changes in fair value of a derivative is dependent upon whether or not the derivative has been designated and qualifies for hedge accounting treatment and the type of hedging relationship. For derivatives designated and qualifying as hedging instruments, the company must designate the hedging instrument, based upon the exposure being hedged, as a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategy

The company uses derivative instruments in an attempt to manage its exposure to transactional foreign currency exchange risk and interest rate risk. Foreign forward exchange contracts are used to manage the price risk associated with forecasted sales denominated in foreign currencies and the price risk associated with forecasted purchases of inventory over the next twelve months.

The company recognizes its derivative instruments as assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet measured at fair value. A majority of the company’s derivative instruments are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges. Accordingly, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The remaining gain or loss on the derivative instrument in excess of the cumulative change in the fair value of the hedged item, if any, is recognized in current earnings during the period of change.

To protect against increases/decreases in forecasted foreign currency cash flows resulting from inventory purchases/sales over the next year, the company utilizes foreign currency forward contracts to hedge portions of its forecasted purchases/sales denominated in foreign currencies. The gains and losses are included in cost of products sold and selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss). If it is later determined that a hedged forecasted transaction is unlikely to occur, any prospective gains or losses on the forward contracts would be recognized in earnings. The company does not expect any material amount of hedge ineffectiveness related to forward contract cash flow hedges during the next twelve months.

The company has historically not recognized any material amount of ineffectiveness related to forward contract cash flow hedges because the company generally limits its hedges to between 50% and 90% of total forecasted transactions for a given entity’s exposure to currency rate changes and the transactions hedged are recurring in nature. Furthermore, the majority of the hedged transactions are related to intercompany sales and purchases for which settlement occurs on a specific day each month. Forward contracts with a total notional amount in USD of $228,640,000 and $136,818,000 matured during the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Foreign exchange forward contracts qualifying and designated for hedge accounting treatment were as follows (in thousands USD):
 
December 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
Notional
Amount
 
Unrealized
Net Gain
(Loss)
 
Notional
Amount
 
Unrealized
Net Gain
(Loss)
USD / AUD
$
5,841

 
$
316

 
$
2,910

 
$
(83
)
USD / CAD
2,604

 
(18
)
 
3,893

 
181

USD / CHF
370

 
15

 

 

USD / CNY
11,252

 
(301
)
 
16,786

 
(282
)
USD / EUR
60,387

 
1,826

 
72,758

 
2,681

USD / GBP
3,253

 
(75
)
 
3,862

 
22

USD / NZD
9,650

 
(64
)
 
4,893

 
37

USD / SEK
4,923

 
146

 
5,128

 
39

USD / MXP
6,148

 
(417
)
 
8,494

 
(284
)
EUR / AUD
506

 
6

 
669

 
(10
)
EUR / CAD

 

 
1,283

 
(17
)
EUR / CHF

 

 
1,944

 
(17
)
EUR / GBP
14,511

 
(686
)
 
36,567

 
(424
)
EUR / NOK
2,503

 
(25
)
 
3,375

 
(55
)
EUR / SEK

 

 
2,464

 
(42
)
EUR / NZD
3,777

 
16

 
3,609

 
476

GBP / AUD
503

 
34

 
830

 
(46
)
GBP / CHF
215

 
(10
)
 
463

 
(7
)
GBP / SEK
1,389

 
(42
)
 
2,067

 
(1
)
AUD / NZD

 

 
352

 
8

CHF / DKK
595

 
(2
)
 

 

DKK / SEK
31,978

 
49

 
37,293

 
46

NOK / CHF
1,335

 
(13
)
 

 

NOK / SEK
2,618

 
21

 
3,524

 
(39
)
 
$
164,358

 
$
776

 
$
213,164

 
$
2,183



Derivatives Not Qualifying or Designated for Hedge Accounting Treatment

The company utilizes foreign currency forward contracts that are not designated as hedges in accordance with ASC 815. These contracts are entered into to eliminate the risk associated with the settlement of short-term intercompany trading receivables and payables between Invacare Corporation and its foreign subsidiaries. The currency forward contracts are entered into at the same time as the intercompany receivables or payables are created so that upon settlement, the gain/loss on the settlement is offset by the gain/loss on the foreign currency forward contract. No material net gain or loss was realized by the company in 2016 or 2015 related to these contracts and the associated short-term intercompany trading receivables and payables.

Foreign exchange forward contracts not qualifying or designated for hedge accounting treatment entered into in 2016 and 2015, respectively, and outstanding were as follows (in thousands USD):
 
December 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
Notional
Amount
 
Gain
(Loss)
 
Notional
Amount
 
Gain
(Loss)
AUD / USD
$
5,800

 
$
204

 
$
8,051

 
$
337

CAD / USD

 

 
5,762

 
$
(4
)
CNY / USD
5,556

 
(24
)
 
9,943

 
(441
)
EUR / USD

 

 
2,118

 
53

DKK / USD

 

 
7,927

 
125

GBP / USD

 

 
4,526

 
(106
)
NZD / AUD
3,264

 
15

 

 

NOK / USD

 

 
1,838

 
(18
)
 
$
14,620

 
$
195

 
$
40,165

 
$
(54
)


The fair values of the company’s derivative instruments were as follows (in thousands):
 
December 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency forward exchange contracts
$
2,535

 
$
1,759

 
$
3,626

 
$
1,443

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency forward exchange contracts
219

 
24

 
517

 
571

 
$
2,754

 
$
1,783

 
$
4,143

 
$
2,014



The fair values of the company’s foreign currency forward assets and liabilities are included in Other Current Assets and Accrued Expenses, respectively in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 

The effect of derivative instruments on the Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) was as follows, net of tax (in thousands):
Derivatives (foreign currency forward exchange contracts) in ASC 815 cash flow hedge relationships
Amount of Gain
(Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivatives
(Effective Portion)
 
Amount of Gain (Loss)
Reclassified from
Accumulated OCI into
Income (Effective
Portion)
 
Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income
on Derivatives (Ineffective Portion
and Amount Excluded from
Effectiveness Testing)
Year ended December 31, 2016
$
989

 
$
2,252

 
$
40

Year ended December 31, 2015
$
3,545

 
$
991

 
$
(11
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives (foreign currency forward exchange contracts) not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815
Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on
Derivatives
 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31, 2016
$
195

 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31, 2015
$
(54
)
 
 
 
 


The gains or losses recognized as the result of the settlement of cash flow hedge foreign currency forward contracts are recognized in net sales for hedges of inventory sales or cost of product sold for hedges of inventory purchases. In 2016, net sales were increased by $4,453,000 and cost of product sold was increased by $1,880,000 for a net realized gain of $2,573,000. In 2015, net sales were decreased by $2,778,000 and cost of product sold was decreased by $3,890,000 for a net realized gain of $1,112,000 compared to a net gain of $338,000 in 2014.

A gain of $195,000 in 2016 and losses of $54,000 and $1,458,000 in 2015 and 2014, respectively, were recognized in selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses on foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments that are entered into to offset gains/losses on intercompany trade receivables or payables. The gains/losses on the non-designated hedging instruments were substantially offset by gains/losses also recorded in SG&A expenses on intercompany trade receivables or payables.

The company's derivative agreements provide the counterparties with a right of set off in the event of a default that would enable the counterparty to offset any net payment due by the counterparty to the company under the applicable agreement by any amount due by the company to the counterparty under any other agreement. For example, the terms of the agreement would permit a counterparty to a derivative contract that is also a lender under the company's Credit Agreement to reduce any derivative settlement amounts owed to the company under the derivative contract by any amounts owed to the counterparty by the company under the Credit Agreement. In addition, the agreements contain cross-default provisions that could trigger a default by the company under the agreement in the event of a default by the company under another agreement with the same counterparty. The company does not present any derivatives on a net basis in its financial statements, other than the conversion and bond hedge derivatives which are presented net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss), and all derivative balances presented are subject to provisions that are similar to master netting agreements.

During the first quarter of 2016, the company entered into privately negotiated convertible note hedges and related warrants in connection with its sale of $150,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of the company’s 5.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2021. The warrants, which increased paid in capital by $12,376,000, are clearly and closely related to the convertible notes and thus classified as equity. The convertible note hedge asset and convertible debt conversion liability were recorded, based on initial fair values, as an asset of $27,975,000 and a liability of $34,480,000, respectively, and these fair values are updated quarterly with the offset to the income statement. See "Long-Term Debt" in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report for more detail.

The fair values of the outstanding convertible note derivatives as of December 31, 2016 and their effect on the Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) were as follows (in thousands):
 
Fair Value
 
Gain (Loss)
Convertible debt conversion long-term liability
$
(30,708
)
 
$
3,772

Convertible note hedge long-term asset
25,471

 
(2,504
)
 
$
(5,237
)
 
$
1,268



The convertible debt conversion liability and the note hedge asset amounts are included in Other Long-Term Obligations and Other Long-Term Assets, respectively, in the company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.