(10)  FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the nature of data inputs for fair value determinations, under which DNB is required to value each asset within its scope using assumptions that market participations would utilize to value that asset. When DNB uses its own assumptions, it is required to disclose additional information about the assumptions used and the effect of the measurement on earnings or the net change in assets for the period.

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under FASB ASC Topic 820 are as follows:

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical securities.

Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3—Instruments whose significant value drivers are unobservable.

A description of the valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value is set forth below:

DNB’s available-for-sale investment securities, which generally include U.S. government agencies and mortgage backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, corporate bonds and equity securities are reported at fair value. These securities are valued by an independent third party (“preparer”). The preparer’s evaluations are based on market data. They utilize evaluated pricing models that vary by asset and incorporate available trade, bid and other market information. For securities that do not trade on a daily basis, their evaluated pricing applications apply available information such as benchmarking and matrix pricing. The market inputs normally sought in the evaluation of securities include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes (only obtained from market makers or broker/dealers recognized as market participants), issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bid, offers and reference data. For certain securities additional inputs may be used or some market inputs may not be applicable. Inputs are prioritized differently on any given day based on market conditions.

U.S. Government agencies are evaluated and priced using multi‑dimensional relational models and option adjusted spreads. State and municipal securities are evaluated on a series of matrices including reported trades and material event notices. Mortgage backed securities are evaluated using matrix correlation to treasury or floating index benchmarks, prepayment speeds, monthly payment information and other benchmarks. Other investments are evaluated using a broker‑quote based application, including quotes from issuers.

Impaired loans are those loans that the Bank has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third‑party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

OREO assets are adjusted to fair value less estimated selling costs upon transfer of the loans to OREO. Subsequently, OREO assets are carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised values of the collateral or management’s estimation of the value of the collateral. There assets are included as level 3 fair values.

 

The following table summarizes the assets at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 that are recognized on DNB’s balance sheet using fair value measurement determined based on the differing levels of input.

 

 

 

The following table presents additional information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which DNB has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:

 

*  As of December 31, 2013 there is only 1 OREO property in the table above.

Impaired loan.  Impaired loans, which are measured for impairment using the fair value of the collateral for collateral dependent loans, had a carrying amount of $7.9 million at December 31, 2013. Of this, $2.1 million had a valuation allowance of $379,000 and $5.8 million had no valuation allowance as of December 31, 2013. Impaired loans had a carrying amount of $12.3 million at December 31, 2012. Of this, $6.9 million had a valuation allowance of $1.0 million and $5.4 million had no valuation allowance as of December 31, 2012. DNB had a carrying balance of $1.1 million of loans at December 31, 2013 that had partial charge-offs but no specific reserve as of December 31, 2013.

Other Real Estate Owned & other repossessed property  Other real estate owned (“OREO”) consists of properties acquired as a result of, or in-lieu-of, foreclosure. Properties or other assets are classified as OREO and other repossessed property are initially recorded at fair value less cost to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. Costs relating to the development or improvement of the assets are capitalized and costs relating to holding the assets are charged to expense. DNB had $1.1 million of such assets at December 31, 2013, which consisted of $1.0 million in OREO and $73,000 in other repossessed property. DNB had $1.2 million of such assets at December 31, 2012, which consisted of $1.1 million in OREO and $126,000 in other repossessed property. Subsequent to the repossession of these assets, DNB wrote down the carrying values by $70,000 in OREO during the year ending December 31, 2013 and $440,000 during the year ending December 31, 2012.

 

Below is management’s estimate of the fair value of all financial instruments, whether carried at cost or fair value on DNB’s consolidated balance sheet. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are as follows:

 

The specific estimation methods and assumptions used can have a substantial impact on the resulting fair values of financial instruments. Following is a brief summary of the significant assumptions, methods, and estimates used in estimating fair value.

Limitations  Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time DNB’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of DNB’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Accrued Interest Receivable and Accrued Interest Payable  The carrying amounts for short-term investments (cash and cash equivalents) and accrued interest receivable and payable approximate fair value.

Loans  Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as commercial, commercial mortgages, residential mortgages, consumer and non-accrual loans. The fair value of performing loans is calculated by discounting expected cash flows using an estimated market discount rate. Expected cash flows include both contractual cash flows and prepayments of loan balances. Prepayments on consumer loans were determined using the median of estimates of securities dealers for mortgage‑backed investment pools.

The estimated discount rate considers credit and interest rate risk inherent in the loan portfolios and other factors such as liquidity premiums and incremental servicing costs to an investor. Management has made estimates of fair value discount rates that it believes to be reasonable. However, because there is no market for many of these financial instruments, management has no basis to determine whether the fair value presented would be indicative of the value negotiated in an actual sale.

The fair value for non-accrual loans not based on fair value of collateral was derived through a discounted cash flow analysis, which includes the opportunity costs of carrying a non-performing asset. An estimated discount rate was used for these non-accrual loans, based on the probability of loss and the expected time to recovery.

Deposits and Repurchase Agreements  The fair values disclosed for demand deposits are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (that is, their carrying amounts). The carrying amounts of variable-rate money market accounts, savings accounts, and interest checking accounts approximate their fair values at the reporting date. Fair values for fixed-rate CDs are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits.

Short-Term Borrowings The carrying amounts of federal funds purchased, borrowings under repurchase agreements, and other short-term borrowings maturing within 90 days approximate their fair values. Fair values of other short-term borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on DNB’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

Long-Term Debt The fair value of DNB’s fixed rate long-term borrowings which includes FHLBP advances and junior subordinated debentures and other borrowings is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis based on the open market’s rate for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The carrying amounts of variable-rate long-term borrowings approximate their fair values at the reporting date.    

Off-balance‑sheet Instruments (Disclosed at Cost)  Off-balance‑ sheet instruments are primarily comprised of loan commitments, which are generally priced at market at the time of funding. Fees on commitments to extend credit and stand-by letters of credit are deemed to be immaterial and these instruments are expected to be settled at face value or expire unused. It is impractical to assign any fair value to these instruments. At December 31, 2013, un-funded loan commitments totaled $89.4 million and stand-by letters of credit totaled $1.5 million. At December 31, 2012, un-funded loan commitments totaled $67.8 million and stand-by letters of credit totaled $2.1 million.