2.   PRINCIPAL BUSINESS ACTIVITY AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

 

Nature of Business

The Company, through its subsidiary CytoSorbents, Inc., is engaged in the research, development and commercialization of medical devices with its platform blood purification technology incorporating a proprietary adsorbent polymer technology.  The Company, through its European Subsidiary, has commenced initial sales and marketing related operations for the CytoSorb® device in the European Union. The Company is focused on developing this technology for multiple applications in the medical field, specifically to provide improved blood purification for the treatment of acute and chronic health complications associated with blood toxicity. In March 2011, the Company received CE Mark approval for its CytoSorb® device.  As of June 30, 2012, the Company had only limited commercial operations and, accordingly, is in the development stage.  The Company has yet to generate any significant revenue and has no assurance of future revenue.

 

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Parent, CytoSorbents Corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, CytoSorbents, Inc. and CytoSorbents Europe GmbH. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Development Stage Corporation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions of accounting and reporting by development stage enterprises.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

  

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms. The Company sells its devices to various hospitals and distributors. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of customers’ financial condition and does not require collateral.  Management reviews accounts receivable periodically to determine collectability. Balances that are determined to be uncollectible are written off.to the allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts contains a general accrual for estimated bad debts and had a balance of zero at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 .

 

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. At June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 the Company’s inventory was comprised of finished goods, which amounted to $241,920 and $192,340, respectively, and work in process which amounted to $293,338 and $238,682, respectively.

 

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided for by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of their economic useful lives or the term of the related leases. Gains and losses on depreciable assets retired or sold are recognized in the statements of operations in the year of disposal. Repairs and maintenance expenditures are expensed as incurred.

 

Patents

Legal costs incurred to establish patents are capitalized. When patents are issued, capitalized costs are amortized on the straight-line method over the related patent term. In the event a patent is abandoned, the net book value of the patent is written off.

 

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets

The Company assesses the impairment of patents and other long-lived assets under accounting standards for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. For long-lived assets to be held and used, the Company recognizes an impairment loss only if its carrying amount is not recoverable through its undiscounted cash flows and measures the impairment loss based on the difference between the carrying amount and fair value.

 

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when it is earned. Delivery of the goods generally completes the criteria for revenue recognition .

 

Research and Development

All research and development costs, payments to laboratories and research consultants are expensed when incurred.

 

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method prescribed by accounting standards for accounting for income taxes. Deferred income taxes are recorded for temporary differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the tax rates expected to be in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code the net operating losses generated prior to the reverse merger may be limited due to the change in ownership. Additionally, net operating losses generated subsequent to the reverse merger may be limited in the event of changes in ownership.  

 

 

The Company follows accounting standards associated with uncertain tax positions. The Company had no unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2011 or 2010. The Company files tax returns in the U.S. federal and state jurisdictions. The Company currently has no open years prior to December 31, 2008 and has no income tax related penalties or interest for the periods presented in these financial statements.

 

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates in these financials are the valuation of options granted, the valuation of preferred shares issued as stock dividends and valuation methods used in determining any debt discount associated with convertible securities.

 

Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company maintains cash balances, at times, with financial institutions in excess of amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Management monitors the soundness of these institutions in an effort to minimize its collection risk of these balances.

 

Financial Instruments

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts payable, notes payable, and other debt obligations approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature.

 

Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic EPS is computed by dividing income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. The computation of Diluted EPS does not assume conversion, exercise or contingent exercise of securities that would have an anti-dilutive effect on earnings (See Note 6).

 

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation under the recognition requirements of accounting standards for accounting for stock-based compensation, for employees and directors whereby each option granted is valued at fair market value on the date of grant. Under these accounting standards, the fair value of each option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

 

The Company also follows the guidance of accounting standards for accounting for equity instruments that are issued to other than employees for acquiring, or in conjunction with selling, goods or services for equity instruments issued to consultants.

 

Effects of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There have been no recently issued accounting standards, which would have an impact on the Company’s financial statements.