<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with Wdesk from Workiva-->
<!--Copyright 2022 Workiva-->
<!--r:9a48ecc6-3d1d-4267-ac2d-5904c145e418,g:4c4b9d1d-6212-4ecd-8dd9-7e8b75c604bf-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.compassminerals.com/role/CoverPage" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="cmp-20220119.xsd#CoverPage"/>
  <link:presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.compassminerals.com/role/CoverPage" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType_509a8960-d84f-4c84-99e1-5af141df6492" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentType_509a8960-d84f-4c84-99e1-5af141df6492" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_1d214166-eca3-4ba4-b9af-1a7ae81501f3" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_1d214166-eca3-4ba4-b9af-1a7ae81501f3" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_434fecfa-2ed7-4ffb-996b-030430c55030" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="3" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_434fecfa-2ed7-4ffb-996b-030430c55030" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_4dddb8dd-080e-4105-a54d-3efc3b5230c8" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="4" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_4dddb8dd-080e-4105-a54d-3efc3b5230c8" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_b4fe11b2-0e88-4c20-99f4-1514dc1d4481" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="5" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_b4fe11b2-0e88-4c20-99f4-1514dc1d4481" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_6b129a0f-741c-4256-bcaf-4893bbf003f3" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="6" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_6b129a0f-741c-4256-bcaf-4893bbf003f3" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_34544e76-a508-4f75-8872-26c63b495421" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="7" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_34544e76-a508-4f75-8872-26c63b495421" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_d67f31a7-3ba4-4c78-9f36-89c4d0ea4832" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="8" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_d67f31a7-3ba4-4c78-9f36-89c4d0ea4832" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_13e39297-accc-4710-95cc-347840ed3416" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="9" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_13e39297-accc-4710-95cc-347840ed3416" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_ba482948-7274-4ed4-b8c7-6e68336f9d68" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="10" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_ba482948-7274-4ed4-b8c7-6e68336f9d68" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_866c405d-a368-4a7b-a61e-e6015543e3d7" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="11" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_866c405d-a368-4a7b-a61e-e6015543e3d7" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_9fe3ecd7-83f6-424e-87ee-f85ade7582f4" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="12" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_9fe3ecd7-83f6-424e-87ee-f85ade7582f4" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_6888bd74-c307-451a-a4d5-d4572ed760ae" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="13" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_6888bd74-c307-451a-a4d5-d4572ed760ae" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_b853e3e0-78fd-4945-9474-5e672fee0857" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="14" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_b853e3e0-78fd-4945-9474-5e672fee0857" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial_940ddd3e-848f-4b75-9355-b90e8948558d" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="15" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial_940ddd3e-848f-4b75-9355-b90e8948558d" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_0ac81972-0ba6-483c-8d06-457eaed088a9" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="16" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_0ac81972-0ba6-483c-8d06-457eaed088a9" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_77d779c9-a06c-4f50-9eed-b9199fe0f085" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="17" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_77d779c9-a06c-4f50-9eed-b9199fe0f085" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_Security12bTitle_15583d7a-0970-4761-bd6c-efb9b48dba5a" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="18" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_Security12bTitle_15583d7a-0970-4761-bd6c-efb9b48dba5a" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_2efefc7d-ba20-4dae-ae2e-16d4c17dc484" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="19" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_2efefc7d-ba20-4dae-ae2e-16d4c17dc484" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName_5a8f06ac-e4ab-4737-98b4-11f4091879ac" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="20" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName_5a8f06ac-e4ab-4737-98b4-11f4091879ac" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_89fae18e-a55f-4ce2-a4cc-85f9a963f353" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="21" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_89fae18e-a55f-4ce2-a4cc-85f9a963f353" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_3981b92e-a5af-4995-a09d-3645152014ed" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="22" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_3981b92e-a5af-4995-a09d-3645152014ed" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_5207dd17-9165-4c9e-9d22-969c2bdaeb35" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="23" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_9880d815-4139-42c7-8eb5-2a7f99faeb4f" xlink:to="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_5207dd17-9165-4c9e-9d22-969c2bdaeb35" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
  </link:presentationLink>
</link:linkbase>
