Basis of Presentation |
3 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2016 | |||||||||||||||||
| Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||
| Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation A. Description of Business CDK Global, Inc. (the "Company" or "CDK") is a leading global provider of integrated information technology and digital marketing solutions to the automotive retail and adjacent industries. The Company’s solutions automate and integrate all parts of the buying process from targeted digital advertising and marketing campaigns to the sale, financing, insuring, parts supply, repair, and maintenance of vehicles. Effective July 1, 2016, the Company executed a comprehensive reorganization to streamline its organization that will enable it to deliver an improved customer experience, create significant efficiencies, and better align it to implement the ongoing business transformation plan discussed further in Note 3. The Company reorganized into two main operating groups. In connection with this reorganization, our operating segments have changed. The Company's first operating group is CDK North America which is comprised of two reportable segments, Retail Solutions North America, and Advertising North America. The second operating group, which is also a reportable segment, is CDK International. In addition, the Company has an Other segment, the primary components of which are corporate allocations and other expenses not recorded in the segment results. Refer to Note 13 for further information. B. Basis of Preparation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses that are reported in the accompanying financial statements and footnotes thereto. Actual results may differ from those estimates and assumptions. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods. Interim financial results are not necessarily indicative of financial results for a full year. The financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016. C. Significant Accounting Policies Revenue Recognition. The Company recognizes software revenues in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 985-605, “Software - Revenue Recognition,” and non-software related revenue, including Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”), in accordance with ASC 605, "Revenue Recognition" ("ASC 605"). The Company generates revenues from four categories: subscription, digital advertising, transactional services, and other. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are presented on a net basis; that is, such taxes are excluded from revenues. Subscription. In the Retail Solutions North America (“RSNA”) and CDK International (“CDKI”) segments, CDK provides software and technology solutions for automotive retailers and OEMs, which includes:
Revenues for term licenses are recognized ratably over the software license term, as vendor-specific objective evidence of the fair values of the individual elements in the sales arrangement does not exist. Revenue recognition commences at the installation dates, when customer acceptance has occurred, and collectability of a determinable amount is probable. In the case of hosted applications, the customer does not have the contractual right to take possession of the software and the items delivered at the outset of the contract (e.g., installation, training, etc.) do not have value to the customer without the software license and ongoing support and maintenance. Any upfront fees charged in the case of hosted arrangements are recognized ratably over the expected benefit period of the arrangement, typically five years. The unrecognized portion of these revenue elements is recorded as deferred revenue. Advertising services. In the Advertising North America (“ANA”) segment, the Company receives revenues from the placement of internet advertising for automotive retailers and OEMs. Advertising revenues are recognized when the services are rendered. Transaction revenues. In the RSNA segment, the Company receives fees per transaction for providing auto retailers interfaces with third parties to process credit reports, vehicle registrations, and automotive equity mining. Revenue is recognized at the time the services are rendered. Transaction revenues are recorded in revenues gross of costs incurred for credit report processing, vehicle registrations, and automotive equity mining as the Company is contractually responsible for providing the service, software, and/or connectivity to the customers, and therefore, the Company is the primary obligor under ASC 605. Other. The Company provides consulting and professional services and sells hardware such as laser printers, networking and telephony equipment, and related items. These revenues are recognized upon their delivery or service completion. Deferred Costs. Costs to deliver services are expensed to cost of revenues as incurred with the exception of specific costs directly related to transition or installation activities, including payroll-related costs for the Company's implementation and training teams, as well as commission costs for the sale. These costs are deferred and expensed proportionately over the same period that the deferred revenues are recognized as revenues. Deferred amounts are monitored regularly to ensure appropriate asset and expense recognition. Current deferred costs classified within other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets were $102.2 million and $104.0 million as of September 30, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively. Long-term deferred costs classified within other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets were $132.1 million and $135.5 million as of September 30, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively. Goodwill. The Company tests for impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is an operating segment or a component of an operating segment. In July 2016, the Company revised its reportable segments and reporting units because of the changes to the way in which the chief operating decision maker regularly reviews information for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. Due to the change in organization structure, the Company expanded its reporting units from three to five. The Company tests impairment by first comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount. If the carrying value for a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company then compares the implied fair value of the Company's goodwill to the carrying amount in order to determine the amount of the impairment, if any. The Company estimates the fair value of the Company's reporting units by weighting the results from the income approach, which is the present value of expected cash flows discounted at a risk-adjusted weighted-average cost of capital, and the market approach, which uses market multiples of companies in similar lines of business. These valuation approaches require significant judgment and consider a number of factors including assumptions about the future growth and profitability of the Company's reporting units, the determination of appropriate comparable publicly traded companies in the Company's industry, discount rates, and terminal growth rates. Computer Software to be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed. The Company's policy provides for the capitalization of certain costs of computer software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed. The Company's policy provides for the capitalization of all software production costs upon reaching technological feasibility for a specific product. Technological feasibility is attained when software products have a completed working model whose consistency with the overall product design has been confirmed by testing. Costs incurred prior to the establishment of technological feasibility are expensed as incurred. The establishment of technological feasibility requires judgment by management and in many instances is only attained a short time prior to the general release of the software. Maintenance-related costs are expensed as incurred. Pursuant to this policy, the Company recognized expenses of $38.7 million and $39.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. These expenses were classified within cost of revenues on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Stock-Based Compensation. Certain of the Company's employees (a) have been granted stock options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock and (b) have been granted restricted stock or restricted stock units under which shares of the Company's common stock vest based on the passage of time or achievement of performance and market conditions. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense in net earnings based on the fair value of the award on the date of the grant. The Company determines the fair value of stock options issued using a binomial option-pricing model. The binomial option-pricing model considers a range of assumptions related to volatility, dividend yield, risk-free interest rate, and employee exercise behavior. Expected volatilities utilized in the binomial option pricing model are based on a combination of implied market volatilities and historical volatilities of peer companies. Similarly, the dividend yield is based on historical experience and expected future dividend payments. The risk-free rate is derived from the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The binomial option pricing model also incorporates exercise based on an analysis of historical data. The expected life of a stock option grant is derived from the output of the binomial model and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The grant date fair value of restricted stock and restricted stock units that vest upon achievement of service conditions is based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The Company also grants performance-based awards that vest over a performance period. Certain performance-based awards are further subject to adjustment (increase or decrease) based on a market condition defined as total shareholder return of the Company’s common stock compared to a peer group of companies. The fair value of performance-based awards subject to a market condition is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The principal variable assumptions utilized in determining the grant date fair value of performance-based awards subject to a market condition include the risk-free rate, stock volatility, dividend yield, and correlations between the Company's stock price and the stock prices of the peer group of companies. Upon adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-09, "Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting" the Company no longer estimates its forfeiture rate in order to record stock compensation expense. The Company now records the impact of forfeitures on stock compensation expense in the period the forfeitures occur. Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The Company determines the fair value of financial instruments in accordance with accounting standards pertaining to fair value measurements. Such standards define fair value and establish a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with GAAP. Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable, and other current liabilities are reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at cost, which approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of the Company's term loan facilities (as described in Note 6), including accrued interest, approximates fair value based on the Company's current estimated incremental borrowing rate for similar types of arrangements. The approximate aggregate fair value of the Company's senior notes as of September 30, 2016 was $754.9 million based on quoted market prices for the same or similar instruments and the carrying value was $750.0 million. The term loan facilities and senior notes are considered Level 2 fair value measurements in the fair value hierarchy. D. Spin-off On April 9, 2014, the board of directors of Automatic Data Processing, Inc. (“ADP”) approved the spin-off of the Dealer Services business of ADP. On September 30, 2014, the spin-off became effective and ADP distributed 100% of the Company's common stock to the holders of record of ADP's common stock as of September 24, 2014 (the "spin-off"). Concurrent with the spin-off, the Company and ADP entered into several agreements providing for transition services and governing relationships between the Company and ADP. Refer to Notes 8 and 12 for further information. E. Spin-off Common Stock Issued During the three months ended September 30, 2015, the Company became aware that 1.0 million shares of common stock were inadvertently issued and distributed to ADP at the spin-off with respect to certain unvested ADP equity awards. The Company previously reported that 160.6 million shares were issued in connection with the spin-off, which was overstated by 1.0 million shares. In addition, dividends paid to stockholders in fiscal 2016 were overstated by $0.4 million. The Company assessed the materiality and concluded that the impact was not material to previously reported results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. During the three months ended September 30, 2015, the Company and ADP took corrective action to cancel the 1.0 million shares of common stock effective as of September 30, 2014 and the Company recovered the $0.4 million of cumulative dividends paid on such shares, thereby increasing the Company's retained earnings. The effects of these adjustments were reflected in the accompanying financial statements for the three months ended September 30, 2015. |