Leases
 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
Text block [abstract]  
Leases
21    Leases
Movements in the Group’s lease liabilities during the year are as follows:
 
                                 
    
2021
     2020  
    
US$M
     US$M  
At the beginning of the financial year
(1)
   
 
3,443
 
     715  
IFRS 16 transition
      –       2,301  
Additions
   
 
1,223
 
     436  
Remeasurements of index-linked freight contracts
   
 
(59
) 
     733  
Lease payments
   
 
(879
) 
     (761 ) 
Foreign exchange movement
   
 
115
 
     (43 ) 
Amortisation of discounting
   
 
109
 
     90  
Transfers and other movements
   
 
(56
) 
     (28 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
At the end of the financial year
   
 
3,896
 
     3,443  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Comprising:
                 
Current liabilities
   
 
889
 
     853  
Non-current
liabilities
   
 
3,007
 
     2,590  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
(1)
 
Lease liability at the beginning of FY2020 relates to existing finance leases under IAS 17/AASB 117 ‘Leases’ (IAS 17) at 1 July 2019.
A significant proportion by value of the Group’s lease contracts relate to plant facilities, office buildings and vessels. Lease terms for plant facilities and office buildings typically run for over 10 years and vessels for four to 10 years. Other leases include port facilities, various equipment and vehicles. The lease contracts contain a wide range of different terms and conditions including extension and termination options and variable lease payments.
The Group’s lease obligations are included in the Group’s Interest bearing liabilities and, with the exception of vessel lease contracts that are priced with reference to a freight index, form part of the Group’s net debt.
The maturity profile of lease liabilities based on the undiscounted contractual amounts is as follows:
 
                                 
Lease liability
   
2021
     
2020
  
    
US$M
     
US$M
  
Due for payment:
                  
In one year or less or on demand
   
 
980
 
   
 
927
 
In more than one year but not more than two years
   
 
680
 
   
 
630
 
In more than two years but not more than five years
   
 
1,397
 
   
 
1,335
 
In more than five years
(1)
   
 
1,842
 
   
 
1,043
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
   
 
4,899
 
   
 
3,935
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Carrying amount
   
 
3,896
 
   
 
3,443
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
(1)
 
Include US$878 million (2020: US$302 million) due for payment in more than ten years.
At 30 June 2021, commitments for leases not yet commenced based on undiscounted contractual amounts were US$457 million (2020: US$1,458 million); and commitments relating to short-term leases were US$171 million (2020: US$103 million).
Movements in the Group’s
right-of-use
assets during the year are as follows:
 
    
2021
     2020  
    
Land and

buildings
    
Plant and

equipment
    
Total
     Land and
buildings		     Plant and
equipment		     Total  
    
US$M
    
US$M
    
US$M
     US$M     US$M     US$M  
Net book value
                                                 
At the beginning of the financial year
(1)
   
 
689
 
  
 
2,358
 
  
 
3,047
 
     –       492       492  
Assets recognised on adoption of IFRS 16
      –    
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
     754       1,400       2,154  
Additions
   
 
25
 
  
 
1,227
 
  
 
1,252
 
     104       332       436  
Remeasurements of index-linked freight contract
s
   
 
–
 
  
 
(59
) 
  
 
(59
) 
     –       733       733  
Depreciation expensed during the period
   
 
(111
) 
  
 
(670
) 
  
 
(781
) 
     (113 )      (543 )      (656 ) 
Depreciation classified as exploration
   
 
–
 
  
 
(19
) 
  
 
(19
) 
     –       (34 )      (34 ) 
Impairments
   
 
(30
) 
  
 
(2
) 
  
 
(32
) 
     (2 )      (22 )      (24 ) 
Transfers and other movements
   
 
65
 
  
 
(123
) 
  
 
(58
) 
     (54 )      –       (54 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
At the end of the financial year
   
 
638
 
  
 
2,712
 
  
 
3,350
 
     689       2,358       3,047  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
– Cost
   
 
897
 
  
 
4,393
 
  
 
5,290
 
     804       3,349       4,153  
– Accumulated depreciation and impairments
   
 
(259
) 
  
 
(1,681
) 
  
 
(1,940
) 
     (115 )      (991 )      (1,106 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
(1)
 
Right-of-use assets at the beginning of FY2020 relates to assets previously held under finance leases under IAS 17 at 1 July 2019.
Right-of-use
assets are included within the underlying asset classes in Property, plant and equipment. Refer to note 11 ‘Property, plant and equipment’.
Amounts recorded in the income statement and the cash flow statement for the year were:
 
    
2021
      2020       
    
US$M
      US$M     
Included within
Income statement
                       
Depreciation of
right-of-use
assets
   
 
781
 
      656      Profit from operations
Short-term,
low-value
and variable lease costs
(1)
   
 
895
 
      675      Profit from operations
Interest on lease liabilities
   
 
109
 
      90      Financial expenses
Cash flow statement
                       
Principal lease payments
   
 
770
 
      671      Cash flows from financing activities
Lease interest payments
   
 
109
 
      90      Cash flows from operating activities
 
(1)
Relates to US$546 million of variable lease costs (2020: US$438 million), US$316 million of short-term lease costs (2020: US$211 million) and US$33 million of
low-value
lease costs (2020: US$26 million). Variable lease costs include contracts for hire of mining service equipment, drill rigs and transportation services. These contracts contain variable lease payments based on usage and asset performance.
Recognition and measurement
All leases with the exception of short-term (under 12 months) and
low-value
leases are recognised on the balance sheet, as a
right-of-use
asset and a corresponding interest bearing liability. Lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value of the future lease payments from the lease commencement date and are subsequently adjusted to reflect the interest on lease liabilities, lease payments and any remeasurements due to, for example, lease modifications or a change to future lease payments linked to an index or rate. Lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, where this is readily determinable. Where the implicit interest rate is not readily determinable, the interest payments are discounted at the Group’s incremental borrowing rate, adjusted to reflect factors specific to the lease, including where relevant the currency, tenor and location of the lease.
In addition to containing a lease, the Group’s contractual arrangements may include
non-lease
components. For example, certain mining services arrangements involve the provision of additional services, including maintenance, drilling activities and the supply of personnel. The Group has elected to separate these
non-lease
components from the lease components in measuring lease liabilities.
Low-value
and short-term leases continue to be expensed to the income statement. Variable lease payments not dependent on an index or rate are excluded from lease liabilities, and expensed to the income statement.
Right-of-use
assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost will initially correspond to the lease liability, adjusted for initial direct costs, lease payments made prior to lease commencement, capitalised provisions for closure and rehabilitation and any lease incentives.
The lease asset and liability associated with all index-linked freight contracts, including continuous voyage charters (CVCs), are measured at each reporting date based on the prevailing freight index (generally the Baltic C5 index).
Lease costs are recognised in the income statement over the lease term in the form of depreciation on the
right-of-use
asset and finance charges representing the unwind of the discount on the lease liability. Lease costs for the year ended 30 June 2019 represent operating lease expenses previously reported under IAS 17.
Where the Group is the operator of an unincorporated joint operation and all investors are parties to a lease, the Group recognises its proportionate share of the lease liability and associated
right-of-use
asset. In the event the Group is the sole signatory to a lease, and therefore has the sole legal obligation to make lease payments, the lease liability is recognised in full. Where the associated
right-of-use
asset is
sub-leased
(under a finance
sub-lease)
to a joint operation, for instance where it is dedicated to a single operation and the joint operation has the right to direct the use of the asset, the Group recognises its proportionate share of the
right-of-use
asset and a net investment in the lease, representing amounts to be recovered from the other parties to the joint operation. If the Group is not party to the lease contract but
sub-leases
the associated
right-of-use
asset, it recognises its proportionate share of the
right-of-use
asset and a lease liability which is payable to the operator.
 
Key judgements and estimates
 
Judgements:
Certain contractual arrangements not in the form of a lease require the Group to apply significant judgement in evaluating whether the Group controls the right to direct the use of assets and therefore whether the contract contains a lease. Management considers all facts and circumstances in determining whether the Group or the supplier has the rights to direct how, and for what purpose, the underlying assets are used in certain mining contracts and other arrangements, including outsourcing arrangements, shipping arrangements and power purchase agreements. Judgement is used to assess which decision-making rights mostly affect the benefits of use of the assets for each arrangement.
 
Where a contract includes the provision of
non-lease
services, judgement is required to identify the lease and
non-lease
components.
 
Estimates:
Where the Group cannot readily determine the interest rate implicit in the lease, estimation is involved in the determination of the weighted average incremental borrowing rate to measure lease liabilities. The incremental borrowing rate reflects the rates of interest a lessee would have to pay to borrow over a similar term, with similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value to the
right-of-use
asset in a similar economic environment. Under the Group’s portfolio approach to debt management, the Group does not specifically borrow for asset purchases. Therefore, the incremental borrowing rate is estimated with reference to the Group’s corporate borrowing portfolio, adjusted to reflect the terms and conditions of the lease (including the impact of currency, credit rating of subsidiary entering into the lease and the term of the lease), at the inception of the lease arrangement or the time of lease modification.
 
The Group estimates stand-alone prices, where such prices are not readily observable, in order to allocate the contractual payments between lease and
non-lease
components.